Production and analysis of cement using tire derived fuel (Carbon Black) and Petcoke as alternative fuels with coal blends

Abstract

Cement is a binding material usually produced by burning of fossil fuels like furnace oil, bituminous coal and
natural gas in a rotary kiln for making clinker (nodules formed after heating raw mix) from raw materials which includes
calcareous (calcium containing) and argillaceous (clay containing). The heating value of these fossil fuels ranges from 9500
Kcal/Kg for furnace oil, 6500 Kcal/Kg and 8500 Kcal/Kg for bituminous coal and natural gas respectively. But due to limited
resources and expensiveness of fossil fuels, the cost per ton of cement increases. Alternative fuels like rise husk, bagasse,
poultry waste, tires waste and chemicals waste from industries having high heating values are also used in cement industries
for cement cost reduction. This research study focuses on the use of tire derived fuel (Carbon black) and petcock as
alternative fuels in different proportions with coal blends as cement rotary kiln is the best closed incinerator for these fuels.
The coal blend includes local (KPK, Pakistan) Daara coal, African coal, Indonesian coal, pet coke (waste from petroleum
industries) and Afghani coal.
Experimental investigation of tire derived fuel with different coals and the process parameters are studied and results
concluded show that alternative fuels can be used with low quality coal blends and the cost per ton clinker reduces without
much affecting the clinker quality and hence the cement strength.