International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD) is a peer-reviewed, registered with NSDL(e-ISSN: 2348-4470, p-ISSN:2348-6406) online International Journal published monthly. IJAERD is Highly Impact journal from India, With Reference SJIF 2015 We have Secured 62 Rank among 18000 Journal Registered in SJIF, Its a leading e-journal, under which we are encouraging and exploring newer ideas of current trends in Engineering by publishing papers containing pure knowledge.The Journal is started with noble effort to help the researchers in their work and also to share knowledge and research ideas. Year of Commencement: 2014. Frequency: IJAERD Publishes one volume with 12 issues per year. (January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December) Submission Deadline: There is a deadline for paper submission. Last day of the month. Manuscripts can be submitted throughout the year. ISSN(Online) : 2348 - 4470 ISSN : 2348 - 6406 Review : Peer-reviewed UGC span Number(old) : 44839 Frequency : Monthly Media Type(s) : Online Subscription Price : Contact Journal Management for Subscription Language : Text in English; Summaries in English Subject Area(Focused but not limited to): Aeronautical Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Audio Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communications Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Engineering Chemistry, Engineering Management, Engineering Maths, Engineering Physics, Engineering Sciences, Industrial Engineering, Instrumentation Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Nano Engineering, Natural Sciences, Humanities, Network Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, Rubber Technology, Software Engineering, Structural Engineering, Systems Engineering, Telecommunication Engineering, Textile Engineering. Important Dates: Submission Last Date: 30/08/2025 Acceptance / Rejection Status: Within 15-20 Days Paper Published: Within 15-20 Days Paper publication Last Date: 05/09/2025 Note: *IJAERD has no tie-up with any type of organization(s). *IJAERD does not publish conference papers in the form of regular or special issue. *Acceptance received from "editor.ijaerd@gmil.com" is only valid. Salient Features: Online paper Submission Strict Plagiarism Policy Peer-reviewed Journal Open Access Journal Reputed Editorial Board High Visibility & Indexing High Impact Factor Journal For the author's convenience, we strongly follow the following steps. The response/answer to any query will be given within 12 hours. The paper will be reviewed within 15-20 days. The author will get their Acceptance/Rejection Notification within 15-20 days of submitting a paper. All the accepted papers will be open and accessible with a full PDF download. The publication charge is 1500 INR. With Warm Regards, Prof. (Dr.) R.Uday Kumar Chief Editor,IJAERD
Expediency of Spray Waterproofing Application for Protection of Structural Concrete Elements against Environmental Agents
Abstract --- This experiment elaborates the appropriate protection of structural concrete elements against the environment agents. Construction is taking in to vibrant ways in which concrete is one of prime component to build the infrastructure both the vertical and horizontal constructions i.e., residential/commercial towers and longer highway bridges. Design/execution of concrete projects is considered to be one part of activity and the maintenance of built structures are another part of activity which is unremitting, cumbersome and also uneconomical as well to maintain the structures health condition. The environment agents are always keep attacking on the concrete surface and some of in which try to penetrate in to the concrete where the concrete is not dense enough or at the weaker areas, those penetrated environment agents such as carbon dioxide (CO2), greenhouse gases, acid rains, alkaline and acidic soils, air pollution, contaminated water, radioactivity etc., are too dangerous to the concrete strength and cause for severe damage to the concrete by its chemical reaction within the concrete matrix since the concrete is made-up of chemical compositions (S-C-H gel). Those chemical compositions easily react with several environment agents and cause for concrete deterioration. The insulation is provided to the concrete with the spray waterproofing which is a simple method of applying a liquid agent all around to the concrete surface. The waterproofing agent goes on liquid but it dries into a flexible, impermeable membrane that any environment agents simply cannot get through and there is no chance of joins and gaps which are crucial for the waterproofing sprayed on any concrete surface. Spray waterproofing can be applied to just about any surface that may be vertical, horizontal, overhead, curved, pitched and various shaped surfaces as it gets bonds very well also swift to apply on the cleaned surface of concrete, masonry, stone, fiber cement, fiberglass, steel, tiles. The integrity of spray waterproofing confirms by conducting a pneumatic test oven an applied membrane.
Concrete Protection, Sustainability of Concrete, Spray waterproofing, Environment Agents, Insulation of Concrete, Concrete deterioration.
OEE Improvement by Implementation of TPM in Pencil Manufacturing Industry
ABSTRACT : Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a strategy that emphasizes keeping machinery in top shape in order to avoid failures and reduce manufacturing process delays. The fundamental goal of TPM is to reduce the frequency of emergency and unforeseen maintenance incidents. (TPM) is a strategy that emphasizes keeping machinery in top shape in order to avoid failures and reduce manufacturing process delays. The following paper discusses about the implementation of TPM in a Lacquering Machine Department in the Pencil Manufacturing Industry. TPM is implemented in Lacquering Machine Cell, where the Lacquering Machines are connected in a chain by conveyor belts. The success of TPM is measured by Overall Equipment Effectiveness. The losses associated with the equipment’s effectiveness are identified and are worked upon them. The results of implementing TPM in improving efficiency and productivity are clearly observed. The paper is put down in order: Section 1 gives an Introduction to TPM. Section 2 is a Literature review. Section 3 gives detailed steps for the implementation of TPM. Section 4 gives detail about the implementation of TPM in Pencil Manufacturing Company. Section 5 is based on the Before and After OEE calculations. Section 6 discusses results and conclusions.
EFFECT OF HEMATITE ON YIELD POINT OF WATER BASE MUD
Abstract: The aim of any drilling operation is to provide a path way or conduit from surface to depth of interest which would later facilitate the production of the formation fluids. In order to achieve this, petroleum drilling engineers do incorporate the best of drilling practices in which drilling time is a critical factor. Drilling cost is directly proportional to time spent on drilling the well and as such any parameter that would drastically increase the drill cost is critically analyzed with the view of getting the optimum conditions for such parameter. Rate of penetration have been known to affect drill cost significantly. In order to optimized the rate of penetration and minimized torque during drilling, the hole must be adequately cleared of drill cuttings. The hole cleaning properties of the drilling fluid are essential to achieving the set objectives. Drilling fluids play important roles in any drilling operations. These roles are not limited to controlling formation pressures and lifting of drill cuttings to the surface but also as a means of providing hydraulic horsepower for downhole tools. Lifting and transporting of drill cuttings to the surface lies on, but not solely on the rheological properties of the drilling mud in used but also on the mud pump pressure exerted at the surface. The pump pressure which provides the circulating density of the mud is such that it is equivalent to the formation pressure. Above this pressure, the formation tends to fracture and formation fracturing is not a good development during any drilling operation. Hematite has been used as an additive to mitigate against formation pressures successfully, especially when combined with the conventional weighting agent such as barite, calcium carbonate, etc. Barite (with specific gravity between 4.2 – 4.8 g/cm 3 ) is the most popular of the weighting agents due to its ecofriendly nature. It has been used severally to control the mud weight of drilling mud during weighting up process. This weighting up process usually have significant effect on the equivalent circulating density (ECD) which in turn affect the cuttings removal process, hence poor hole cleaning and resultant increase in torque. Besides the increase in demand of barite and its global reserves reduction, there is need to look at other alternatives such as hematite, ilmenite, calcite, etc. Hematite with a specific gravity of 4.7 g/cm is a good weighting agent in water base mud because it provides high value of mud density with low solid content when compared with equivalent volume of barite.
Security System Approach With pressure Sensor
The increased usage of smart wearable in various applications, specifically in health-care, emphasizes the need for secure communication to transmit sensitive health-data. practically, where multiple devices are carried by a person, a common secret key is essential for secure group communication. In this paper, we present a novel solution to generate and distribute group secret keys by exploiting on-board accelerometer sensor and the unique walking style of the user, i.e., gait. We propose a method to identify the suitable samples of accelerometer data during all routine activities of a subject to generate the keys with high entropy. In our scheme, the Smartphone placed on waist employs fuzzy vault, cryptographic practical applications. Suitable construct, and utilizes the acceleration due to gait, a common characteristic extracted on all wearable devices to share the secret key. We implement our solution on commercially available off-the-shelf smart wearable's, measure the system performance, and conduct experiments with multiple subjects. Our results, and is suitable for demonstrating that the proposed solution has a bit rate of 750 bps, low system overhead, distributes the key securely and quickly to all legitimate devices we have presented our novel protocol for group secret key generation and secure key distribution for multiple smart wearable devices. Our solution leverages the accelerometer sensor available on the off-the-shelf wearable devices and the unique walking characteristics of the user. We have presented a method to detect the suitable samples of sensor data dynamically to ensure the generation of the secret keys with good entropy during different activities. The secure key distribution process extracts the acceleration due to gait on all the smart devices and exploits this as a common characteristic to share the keys using the fuzzy vault. The solution is implemented on real wearable devices.
Smart appliance designed with multimedia intelligence to provide comfortable, convenient, and secure personal services in home becomes increasingly important in the era of information communication technology. This investigation describes a novel design and implementation of an interactive multimedia mirror system, called \smart mirror." The basic design of smart mirror is started with the glass that is to be used. Two-way glass is a recommended type as it lets the graphics on a display come through clearer Mirror. Our lifestyle has evolved in such a way that optimizing time is the most important thing. Based on a user studies and prototype implementation, we present the development of the innovating appliance that incorporates interactive services of information, ordered through a user interface on a surface of the mirror. Our work is based on the idea that we all look at the mirror when we go out, so why wouldn't a mirror become smart. With the advancing technologies, Smart Mirrors will take the place of regular mirrors in the future days, providing both mirror and computer aided information services to its users. With Raspberry Pi Zero microcontroller cards onboard, the systems can connect to the internet, take data from the internet and can show the information on places located on a mirror. In the scope of study, the developed intelligent mirror system includes a weather information, time and location information, current event information, user information taken from web services using Raspberry Pi 3 microcontroller card. The mirror will also have human detection module and shall light up when the user comes in front of mirror.
Smart Mirror, Interactive services, Raspberry Pi Zero, Web services.
INHIBITOR EFFECT OF AMIDOAMINE ALKYL HALIDE COMPLEXES OF SOYBEAN OIL ACIDS ON THE CORROSION OF SOFT STEEL IN CO2-CONTAINING AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT
The synthesis of alkyl halide complexes of amidoamines (C5H11J, C5H11Br, C6H13Br) obtained on the basis of soybean oil acids and polyethylenepolyamine was carried out. The structure of the resulting alkyl halide complexes was confirmed by IR spectroscopic analysis, and some of their physicochemical properties were studied. The resulting complex compounds are dark yellow viscous substances, readily soluble in isopropyl alcohol. The yield of the complexes was 95-97% The effect of alkyl halide complexes on the corrosion of C1018 steel in CO2 medium has been studied. It was found that at a concentration of the alkyl halide complex of 75 ppm, the protective effect is 88.8, 90, and 99%, respectively.
soybean oil acids, alkyl halide, CO2 corrosion, inhibitor
Avtandil Talybov, Farida Gurbanova, Ilgar Ayyubov, Orkhan Azizli
COVID-19 detection from Chest X-Ray Scans using Machine Learning
In the year 2019, a novel disease named as, COVID-19 was discovered in the Wuhan city of China. It is a severe acute respiratory syndrome that mainly affects the respiratory organs and is caused by Coronavirus or SARS-COV-2 [1-2]. Since its emergence, COVID-19 spreaded like a wildfire and dominated more than 213 countries and territories thereby causing medical emergency. Owing to its varying forms and different levels of severity ranging from moderate to severe, with the possibility of organ failure and death, the covid-19 has proven to be a difficult condition. In case of the COVID19 epidemic, the government's efforts are extremely crucial to stop the spread of infectious disease. Some of the crucial steps taken by government include locking down the area to stop infection spread, getting ready the healthcare system to handle the epidemic, offering a crisis package to reduce the impact of the pandemic on the economy and population, and adopting policies that can be adjusted to the COVID19 situation and so on [3]. The World Health Organization (WHO) advises the use of masks as part of a comprehensive package of preventative and control measures to lessen the propagation of COVID-19. However, even when utilized properly, a mask cannot provide adequate protection or source control. Therefore, other precautions like maintaining distance, covering your mouth while sneezing or coughing and isolating and seeking medical help when symptoms like high fever, body ache, cough, cold gets adverse.
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Advances and Challenges in Non-Invasive EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces: Applications, Technologies, and Future Prospects: A Comparative Review
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are emerging technologies that allow direct communication between the brain and external devices. This review paper covers several articles that discuss the recent advances in non-invasive EEG-based BCIs for various applications, including communication and motor function restoration for patients with disabilities. The articles highlight the different modalities and technologies used in EEG-based BCIs, the challenges faced in developing reliable and effective systems, and the recent developments and potential future applications. The articles stress the need for standardized approaches in developing EEG-based BCI systems, standardized metrics for evaluating their performance, and artifact removal techniques. Despite the current challenges, the reviewed articles provide an optimistic outlook for the future of EEG-based BCIs, with potential applications in diverse fields such as gaming, virtual reality, biometric identification, and collaborative problem-solving.
EEG, Brain Computer Interface (BCI), Slow Cortical Potentials, Sensorimotor Rhythms, P300 Potential, Emotion Recognition, Applications, Challenges, Performance Evaluation, BrainNet
THE IMPACT OF THE “ENTREPRENEURSHIP - ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY ON MODERN SOCIETY AND RESEARCH SKILLS” AT ANY AGE
Business Education is that the ninth book inside the arrangement entitled The International Library of Entrepreneurship. Edited by Patricia Green, provost of Babson College, and Mark Rice, Murata Dean of the Olin grad school of Business at Babson, this book may be a comprehensive collection of exceptional articles on business enterprise training composed in the course of recent years. Study is to point out effect of entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial intention. Currently, the long-term global depression is accelerating, and therefore the concerns for future uncertainties are spreading throughout our society. This paper primarily manages "Innovative administration information for Entrepreneurship, Energy-Saving Technology @ subterranean insect age. The aim of this study is to complement people’s knowledge on what are an entrepreneur and the way he reacts in different environments”. "The considers inside the journal from moved perspectives including: frameworks for information examination, epistemic structure sent, transcendent educational sales and Geographic’s space of the makers". The examination of the spectrum of two variants of adaptive and multiplicative models of the implementation of the energy technologies has allowed identifying the chances and conclusions of the agents of the energy-generating, energy-distributing and energy consuming groups with reference to the economic efficiency. The time period in which the research was conducted is between April 2020 to September 2020.
The age of robots is in the twenty-first century. Robots have long been able to bridge the gap between the cybernetic and physical worlds (the internet of things). Because of its impact on all facets of life—including medicine and healthcare, as well as building services, manufacturing, food, production, logistics, and delivery robotics is expected to play a significant role, an ever increasingly significant role in society as the most likely contender for the next major industrial revolution’s theme, following the current third (digital) industrial revolution. The primary issues here are security, safety, accuracy, and trust. Security mostly has to do with how well-defended these robots are against various cyber-attacks. Trust is based on the degree of satisfaction and ability of these robots to perform and replace humans in certain fields and activities accurately. Safety is related to reducing the likelihood of accident occurrence(s). Building on earlier research, growing worries about robots in a multi-robotic environment emerged in the securities industry. When scaled to the requirements, several components, such as sensors, convey enormous amounts of data that are essential for building the data models. The security of sensitive data must be prioritized and taken into account. When transmitting data, it must be encrypted, privacy issues must be considered when utilizing microphones, and transmission signals must be safeguarded.
Q learning, Automation, Robot, Arduino, Security,Phototransistors
Potential of Waste Heat Recovery using Thermo-Electric Generator
A significant amount of energy is wasted in automobile in the form of exhaust gas. The amount of lost energy is almost 65%, according to conservative estimations. For many main and secondary applications, it would be practical and efficient to convert waste heat into electrical power. Environmental concerns, such as global warming, emissions, etc., have recently become the limiting considerations for the energy resources needed to produce electricity. Over the time, various alternate methods for obtaining and utilizing this energy have been proposed, each having advantages and disadvantages of their own. Recent advancements in thermoelectric generator technology make this method of recovering low grade energy quite effective. Thermal energy is immediately converted into electrical energy using thermoelectric generators. Thermoelectric generators use the principle of seebeck effect. Furthermore, TEGs may be produced on a wide range of substrates, including silicon, polymers, and ceramics. This paper outlines the knowledge about potential of thermo-electric generators to recover waste heat in automobiles.
The Designing Approach of An Automatic Irrigation System
By reducing the quantity of water and energy wasted, the best irrigation system has recently been researched. Automatic irrigation involves using a device to control irrigation systems so that the water flow may be changed from one bay, or group of bays, to another even when the irrigator is not there. In this work, To determine how moist the soil is, an automated sensing and control device can interact with more than one distinct type of el valve and soil humidity sensor. Besides having the capacity to operate a node in a wireless sensor network. The use of the new prediction models produced two significant findings. The first is to use less water to irrigate crops during the day as opposed to watering them at night. Secondly, it reduced the energy required to run the irrigation system.
STUDY OF BAMBOO AND FRP AS REINFORCEMENT IN CONCRETE STRUCTURE: A REVIEW
The review was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of bamboo and FRP reinforced concrete as an alternative solution against industrially available but costly retrofitting or strengthening solutions for damaged structures. The use of small diameter whole bars and split bamboo has frequently been proposed as an alternative to relatively expensive reinforcing steel in reinforced concrete. Feasibility of bamboo wrap jacketing as a FRP wrapping is very useful to develop an ecosystem towards low cost construction. Bamboo is significantly durable, good strength and environmental friendly material for construction. The types and properties of FRP composites are abridged, its applications and evolution of FRP sheets, FRP bars, FRP grids are discussed in this paper. This paper covers a review on various wrapping solutions having eco-friendly yet sturdy solutions in the domain of FRP strengthening and its response in terms properties of flexural performance and ductility is discussed to former a boarder outlook towards cost effective retrofitting or strengthening solutions.
FRP, bamboo, evolution, FRP strengthening, retrofitting.
A Review Paper Forecasting of Stock Prices using Machine Intelligence
The emerging trends in the fundamental perceptions of information technology have changed the route of stockholders, where they can buy and sell stocks through electronic media. Nowadays, most stockholder connects with online trading platforms. In this context, forecasting the new price of selected stocks has an excellent achievement for the systems analyst. The paper's objective focuses on forecasting prices for individual stocks, sectors, and index values of the Indian and global stock markets. In the recent era, the modern approach to forecasting stock values has a deep learning-based approach and sentiment analysis. The generic process of stock price prediction has three strategies: historical data, data pre-processing, and deep learning model training. For the calculation of the loss function, the actual stock price collects from the historical data set, and the predicted stock price is by training the desired model. Furthermore, the comparison performs with several deep learning techniques which results in better accuracy for stock as well as Index values
Stock Forecasting, Deep Learning, Support Vector Regression, Convolution Neural Network, LSTM
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Phase Change Material-Based Energy Efficient Reinforced Hollow Concrete Block Masonry Building
Majority of structures in Pakistan are masonry buildings because of their great heat and insulation properties, ease in construction etc. The insulation and heat resistance property of masonry buildings make it attractive now-a-days because of the emerging energy crises issue which compel civil engineers to think that seismic performance of building is not the only issue but also to find innovative techniques to make the buildings energy efficient. Since we need a structure which is energy efficient and earthquake resistant. For energy efficiency off course the choice is masonry buildings (heat insulation) but such type of structures are prone to earthquake because of its brittle behavior and lack of proper connections between various structural components. There were two parts of this research work one is determining the energy efficiency of phase change material utilized in masonry building which is performed by one of my companion Engr. Muhammad Ali [1]. He constructed two full scale rooms of same dimensions one was the PCM incorporated room and the other was a reference room for comparison. Special mechanism was designed which consist of providing steel box type pipes in the hollow cells of the blocks and will run throughout the height of walls and slab in which phase change material (vegetable ghee) was to be poured. Another aim of this research work is to seismically evaluate the performance of this type of masonry building in which steel pipes are used as casing for PCM which definitely reinforced the masonry building. For seismic performance a half scale model was constructed for shake table testing and focus was made on determining model′s stiffness, strength, ductility and response modification factor.
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
AUTOMATED WASTE SEGREGATOR USING ARDUINO
Industrialization, modernization, rapid advancements and increase in population have led to large generation of waste. Segregation makes it possible to reuse and recycle the waste effectively. This paper proposes implementation of an automated waste segregator at household level using Arduino microcontroller, to control the entire process with ease and simplicity. The sensing unit consists of an IR (Infrared) sensor, a moisture sensor and a metal sensor used to detect and identify various types of waste respectively. The main architecture of the segregator comprises of three prominent stages consisting of an IR sensor, a metal sensor, a moisture sensor and the segregation bins. The IR sensor detects the arrival of waste. Identification and separation of waste is done by sensors. The microcontroller controls all the activity of sensors. Results have presented segregation of waste into metal, wet and dry waste.
Arduino Uno, Gear motor,HC-05 Bluetooth module, IR Sensors, Moisture Sensor, Power supply, PMMC DC Motor with motor driver
A CONSERVATIVE LIQUIDS ON THE BASES OF METAL SALTS AND AMIDOAMINES OF NATURAL PETROLEUM ACIDS
The compositions on the bases of ferric, nickel, zinc and manganese salts and amidoamines with ethylenediamine of natural petroleum acids separated from T-46 oil distillate and kerosene fractions obtained on the bases of Azerbaijani oils (petroleums) have been prepared and checked their protective ability as conservative liquids. Amidoamines and metal salts added to T-46 oil distillate have been taken in equal amounts. The total amount of amidoamines and metal salts in conservative liquids have been taken as 10% and 20%. It has been determined that higher protective ability in the presence of nickel salts of natural petroleum acids in composition is assigned. Thus, conservative liquid prepared by adding T-46 oil distillate, amidoamine with ethylenediamine of natural petroleum acids of 10% and nickel salt of these acids of 10%, provides corrosion protection for more than 263 days in the hydrochamber. Protection period in sea water and 0,001% H2SO4 solution are 160 and 162 days, respectively. It also defined that protection period for atmospheric corrosion constitutes, respectively, 225, 240, 194 days, if conservative liquid is prepared on the bases of manganese, ferric and zinc salts of natural petroluem acids. The protection periods of those compositions in sea water are 125, 140 and 125 days, respectively.
atmospheric corrosion, conservative liquids, natural petroleum acids, amidoamines, metal salts
UTILIZATION OF BIOMASS-BASED RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Biomass consists of organic materials that are plant or animal based, including but not limited to dedicated energy crops, agricultural crops and trees food, and fibre crops residues, aquatic plants, forestry and wood residues, agricultural wastes, bio-based segments of industrial and municipal waste, by products and other non-fossil organic materials. In view of this Benue State is end owed with rich natural and mineral resources which has placed the state in vintage position in the country as the nation’s “Food Basket”. The rich energy crops, agriculture crops and trees in the state provide a good platform for the government of Benue State that if utilized, will do away with the electricity deficit in the state. This study examines the Biomass potentials in the state and enumerates the local government areas in the state for the government to take advantage of.
Utilization, Biomass-Based, Renewable Energy, Electricity, Generation, Benue State
Effect of photoperiod (CFL Bulb,15Watts;04 hrs.) on breeding and growth performance of live bearer ornamental fishes
The present study was conducted to find out impact of photoperiod on breeding, growth, maturation and colour change of live bearer ornamental fishes(molly, guppy, platy and swordtail).CFL bulb used as source of artificial light, maintained in each setups-I to IV for observing breeding and survival of brooder and in the setups-A to D for growth and maturation of youngones, each for three months duration. During study period, the average mean length, the average mean weight ,survival rate percent, specific growth rate percent and average daily gain percent were observed. Water quality analysis were done throughout study period and physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and total hardness were measured and maintained using standard water analysis kits.Siphoning done weekly. Feeding were done using freeze dried live feed (tubifex and bloodworm)and dried pelleted feed(optimum and tokyu) ,two times( morning and evening) for brooder and four times for youngones in a day with timing 7a.m., 11a.m.,3p.m. and 7p.m. During study period, it was observed that the increasement in growth found from first month to third months. Also increased in the length and the weight of youngones in each setups during the same time period vary and there were no similarity. The maximum specific growth rate percent was found in setup-D(0.37) and minimum in setup-B(0.1166).The maximum average daily gain percent was found maximum in setup-D(0.2466) and minimum in setup-B(0.0777).The maturity of youngones visible at the end of third months. No colour change was observed on brooder and youngones. The aim of present study was to find out whether photoperiods(CFL bulb,15watts,04hrs.) was best suited for breeding, survival, growth and maturation of these fishes or not, inorder to have a healthy crops,which going to make our country compete with world market as well boost our national income,prestige and also act as strong weapon in eradicating unemployment problem.
Breeding,Feeding,,Growth,,Live bearer ornamental fishes,Maturation,Photoperiods
SECOND ORDER CURRENT FEEDBACK OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER (CFOA) ACTIVE-R BANDPASS FILTER FOR AERONAUTICAL MOBILE APPLICATIONS
Aeronautical mobile communication systems utilize Digital broadband data link technology between space and ground to achieve the interconnection and networking between planes and the ground during flight (Guo, 2013). This technology utilized i.e. Digital broadband data link between the space and ground at the link layer needed to solve the problem of multiple planes, a variety of crafts sharing limited radio resources between space and ground. Therefore the need for a filter comes into play to solve the problem of interference, in this respect, using the mechanism of bandwidth dynamic allocation and demand to solve the contradiction between resource utilization and service quality is an important research aspect, hence the second order CFOA Active-R Bandpass filter was designed, simulated and results presented. Results showed good agreement with filter specification, therefore it can be used in the implementation of the Aeronautical Mobile Communications system.
second order, CFOA, Bandpass, filter, Aeronautical mobile, Communications, Active-R.
A Study of Improvement in Different Mechanical Properties for Aluminum Based Metal Matrix Composite
Aluminium composites are a new generation of metal matrix composites who have the potentials of satisfying the latest demands of advanced engineering applications. These demands are met because of better mechanical properties, amenability for conventional processing technique and possibility of reducing cost of production for aluminium composites. Aluminium metal matrix composites are one of the most widely used materials for automobile, aerospace, electronics industries, agriculture machinery and many other industrial applications because of their improved properties such as high strength, low density, good wear resistance compared to any other metal. The addition of reinforcements into the matrix improves many important properties like stiffness, specific strength, wear, creep and fatigue compared to the other engineering materials. This paper shows the study of the different improvement in some of the important mechanical properties than conventional materials.
Composite material, Metal Matrix composite(MMC), Tribological property
A Study on Different Failures of Composite Materials
Composites are the important engineering materials made from two or more different materials, which has significantly different physical and chemical properties and which also remain distinct and separated at the microscopic level within finished structure. This material provides better mechanical properties than the parent metals. Composite materials have shown boundless engineering application where strength to weight ratio, cost effectiveness and ease of fabrication are mainly required. Composites include a wide range of the products for different application ranging from aerospace, sports, electronics industries, construction, automobile components, furniture and insulation panels made from different fibers, and textiles. It is observed that many defects which may arise from composite materials in fibers, matrix and lamina. These defects, if they exist include misalignment of fibers, cracks in matrix, non uniform distribution of the fibers in the matrix, voids in fibers and matrix, delaminated regions, and initial stress in the lamina as a result of its manufacture and further treatment. These defects tend to propagate as the lamina is loaded creating an accelerated rate of failure. This paper presents a study and analysis of different failures commonly seen in different composite materials.
- Composite material, imperfections, delamination, fiber, matrix.
Study of Important Manufacturing Processes used for Composite Materials
Composites are the important engineered materials made from two or more different materials, which has significantly different physical and chemical properties and which also remain distinct and separated at the microscopic level within finished structure. Composite materials have boundless engineering application where strength to weight ratio, low cost and ease of fabrication are mainly required. They have properties which could not be achieved by any of the constituent materials. Composites include a wide range of the products for different application ranging from aerospace, sports, electronics industries, construction, automobile components, furniture and insulation panels made from different fibers, and textiles. The evolution of composite materials has given an opportunity to various designers to use new and better materials resulting in cost reduction, increase in efficiency and better utilization of available resources. Manufacturing of composites becomes more important when new product designs and shapes pose tougher dimensional and performance constraints such as surface finish, dimensional tolerances & material removal rate etc. Also the introduction of new fibers, with different bio resins and additives may well result in an expansion in their use into more diverse, and technically demanding application areas. The aim of this paper is to study the current scenario of manufacturing composites
Composite material, Metal Matrix composite(MMC),Nano particles
Different Advances of Metal matrix Composite- A Review
Composite materials or simply composites are combinations of materials. They are made up of combining two or more materials in such a way that the resulting materials have certain design properties on improved properties. Conventional materials like Steel, Brass, Aluminium etc will fail without any indication. Cracks initiation, propagation will takes place within a short span. Now a day to overcome this problem, conventional materials are replaced by Composite materials. The potential has been recognized in the aluminium-based materials. Aluminium and its versions have been already widely used in automotive, aerospace industry; however, their utility spectrum still avoids the tribologically sensitive purposes. Modern composite materials constitute a significant proportion of the engineered materials market ranging from everyday products to sophisticated niche applications. While composites have already proven their worth as weight-saving materials, the current challenge is to make them cost effective. In this paper the potential of use of metal matrix composite (MMC) with particular reference to the advance engineering industry. Initially, the necessary properties are identified, then, the work explores the investigations done on different Metal Matrix composites.
SECOND ORDER ACTIVE MULTI-LOOP BAND PASS FILTER FOR VERY LOW FREQUENCY RECEIVER APPLICATIONS
This paper presents the design and simulation of the second order multiple loop feedback bandpass filter which was simulated using Multisim version 14.2 software and studied for variable Quality factors Q of 50, 60, and 70 with a constant centre frequency ( from a band of the very low frequency of 3kHz to 30KHz so as to be implemented in the Receiver systems of a Very Low Frequency (VLF) wave communication system. The result shows a centre frequency for all the Q’s to be 16.546 kHz while the mid-band gain was 21.37dB, 20.79dB, and 19.52dB respectively for 50, 60, and 70. The bandwidth for the variable Q’s was 50.30kHz, 62.19kHz, and 71.38kHz respectively. From observation, the centre frequency is slightly shifted and mid-band gain decreased from 21.37dB to 19.52dB furthermore, the Bandwidth increases from 50.30 kHz to 71.38 kHz. Results from the simulated filter show good agreement with the theory. As such, we can conclude that the filter can be used in the receivers of a VLF wave communication system.
multiple-loop, Bandpass, filter, Receiver, VLF,
Joint Shear Strength of Beam-Column Connections in Crumb Rubber Concrete
Environmental pollution is one of the most critical problems in today's world. In 2008, the global production of waste tyres was estimated at around one billion each year while four billion already exist in stockpiles and landfills. These waste tyres are Non-biodegradable and release toxic substances. In Pakistan, no reliable data is available about waste tyres. Only 12% of waste tyres are used as crumb rubber products while the remaining as energy sources or landfills. The waste tyres are also used in the construction industry to replace coarse aggregate or fine aggregates in shredded form or crumb powder form. Material-level research on crumb rubber concrete has already been carried out. The present research is about to check the joint shear strength of the roof corner joint with crumb rubber as sand replacement for different ratios. The ratios used were 10%, 15%, and 20%. Three samples of Beam-column joint for each ratio of crumb rubber as a sand replacement, scaled down to one-third, were prepared. For each ratio standard cylinders were also prepared to find the compressive strength as the joint shear capacity as per ACI 352 directly related to the compressive strength of concrete. To record the stain in the beam, longitudinal steel strain gauges were installed at the beam-column interface. After curing and drying the models were tested. The cracking load and strain in beam steel were used to calculate the joint shear. The results showed that the joint shear strength decreased with the increase of rubber content in concrete. Compared to joint shear capacity the calculated joint shear strength was very low. The ACI 352 overestimates the joint shear capacity with no confinement tie inside the joint area
Fire Water Demand Calculation for Storage Tank
Abstract is intended for the Calculation of Fire Water & Foam Demand for Large Atmospheric Crude Storage Tanks. The fire water and foam solution systems to be designed to control burning and provide exposure protection to the fire zone with the largest demand. The demand will include the supply to tank cooling systems, foam pourers, foam and fire water monitors. The fire water demand is calculated according to guidance from RPI, NFPA, EN & EI.
Fire Water, Foam, Storage Tanks, Cooling
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HELICAL COIL SPRING USED IN TWO WHEELER MOTORCYCLE USING FEA APPROACH
In vehicles problem happens while driving on bumping road condition. The objective of this project is to design and analyze the performance of Shock absorber by varying the wire diameter of the coil spring. The Shock absorber which is one of the Suspension systems is designed mechanically to handle shock impulse and dissipate kinetic energy. It reduces the amplitude of disturbances leading to increase in comfort and improved ride quality. The spring is compressed quickly when the wheel strikes the bump. The compressed spring rebound to its normal dimension or normal loaded length which causes the body to be lifted. The spring goes down below its normal height when the weight of the vehicle pushes the spring down. This, in turn, causes the spring to rebound again. The spring bouncing process occurs over and over every less each time, until the up-and-down movement finally stops. The vehicle handling becomes very difficult and leads to uncomfortable ride when bouncing is allowed uncontrolled. Hence, the designing of spring in a suspension system is very crucial. The analysis is done by considering bike mass, loads, and no of persons seated on bike. Comparison is done by varying the wire diameter of the coil spring to verify the best dimension for the spring in shockabsorber. Modelling and Analysis is done using creo parametric3.0 and ANSYS workbench respectively.
Shock Absorber, Coil Spring, Modified design, Stress analysis.
BREATHER SOLITON INTERACTION IN TAPERED NON-KERR MEDIA
Under investigation in this paper is an inhomogeneous tapered nonlinear schrödinger equation by including cubic quintic term which is used to describe about the femtosecond pulse propagation in tapered Non-Kerr media. By increasing the input intensity of pulse further the Kerr media tends to Non-Kerr media. Here we constructed Lax pair via AKNS technique and after satisfying Lax pair the obtained equation is further analyzed by using Darboux transformation to obtain two soliton solution. And here as the pulse is propagating in a tapered fiber pulse compression can be achieved. Henceforth the results obtained in this paper will have a qualitative application for pulse compression in dispersion– managed fiber.
Cubic quintic, NLS, AKNS technique, Non-Kerr media
DESIGN OF DISPERSION COMPENSATING FIBERS WITH HIGH NEGATIVE DISPERSION, LOW BENDING AND SPLICE LOSSES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
In optical communication system different types of fibers are laboring for different application. Loss and dispersion are two essential parameters to be determined as low as possible while designing optical fibers as optical transmission lines. The dispersion of optical pulses procreation in high speed WDM optical transmission systems is almost imminent. For acceptable compensation of the dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) is one of the approaches of attaining a high negative dispersion is to modify the refractive index profile of DCFs. In this paper, by using optifiber software, the shifting of the zero dispersion wavelength(ZDW) is made by changing the refractive index profiles of a standard single mode fiber(S-SMF), then the designed profile is promote for low dispersion, bending loss and splice loss. The attained result show that in designed profile the effective mode field diameter is diminished, which can adequately reduced the splice loss. In another observation, the parameter of peculiar DCF profiles are optimized to enhance negative dispersion of about -879 ps/nm. km with splice loss of 9. 9dB/km and bending loss 0. 52 dB/km at bending radius of 20 mm is obtained.
Refractive index profile, Negative Dispersion, Macrobending loss, Dispersion compensating fibers